(Miniature from the 9th-century Chludov Psalter with scene of iconoclasm)
MIDDLE AGES (800 - 1274)
Iconoclastic controversy took place in the Greek church over the veneration of icons (726 - 843)
Images banned in 726
Veneration restored in 787 at the Second Council of Nicaea
(St. Theodore, Preslav, 900 AD, Sofia)
Abbey of Cluny in Burgundy (909) founded for monasticism (Cluniac Reform)
Christianization of Russia (988) is marked by Prince Vladimir of Kiev's baptism having followed Queen Olga of Kiev's baptism.
(LEFT) Illumination from the Liber Scivias showing Hildegard receiving a vision and dictating to her scribe and secretary, (RIGHT) St Bernard in a medieval illuminated manuscript
Hildegard of Bingen; Saint Gertrude of Helfta; Bernard of Clairvaux
(St Dominic, 1515 by Giovanni Bellini, held by the UK National Gallery)
St. Dominic, St. Francis of Assisi, St. Thomas Aquinas, St. Bonaventure, Elisabeth of Schonau, Mechthild of Magdeburg
The Cambridge history of Christianity. Vol. 1, Origins to Constantine [electronic resource], edited by Margaret M. Mitchell and Frances M. Young
The Cambridge history of Christianity. Vol. 2, Constantine to c. 600 [electronic resource], edited by Augustine Casiday and Frederick W. Norris
Atlas of medieval Europe, edited by David Ditchburn, Simon MacLean and Angus MacKay
Benedictine culture, 750 - 1050, edited by W. Lourdeaux and D. Verhelst
Imago Dei : the Byzantine apologia for icons by Jaroslav Pelikan
God's human face : the Christ-icon by Christoph von Schönborn
Theological and spiritual dimensions of icons according to St. Theodore of Studion by Theodor Damian
Images, idolatry, and iconoclasm in late Medieval England : textuality and the visual image, edited by Jeremy Dimmick, James Simpson, Nicolette Zeeman
Constantinople IV (869)
Lateran I (1123)
Lateran II (1139)
Lateran III (1179)
Lateran IV (1215)
Lyons I (1245)
Lyons II (1274)
The Lindisfarne Gospels, created c. 700
The Book of Kells, created c. 760
