(Bishops of the Council of Nicea holding the Niceno Constantanopolian Creed of 381)
FIRST SEVEN ECUMENICAL COUNCILS (325 - 794)
Basil of Caesarea; Gregory of Nyssa; Gregory of Nazianzus; John Chrysostom; Athanasius of Alexandria; Pachomius (Coptic line); Evagrius of Pontus (Alexandrian line)
(LEFT: The earliest portrait of Saint Augustine of Hippo in a 6th century fresco, Lateran, Rome; RIGHT: St. Cyril I, 24 Patriarch of Alexandria)
(Jerome and Gregory, 15th century by Antonio Vivarini; Seated Dionysos holding out a kantharos. Interior from an Attic black-figured plate, ca. 520-500 BC. From Vulci)
Benedict of Nursia, Pseudo-Dionysius, Gregory the Great (Pope Gregory I)
The Cambridge history of Christianity. Vol. 1, Origins to Constantine [electronic resource], edited by Margaret M. Mitchell and Frances M. Young
The Cambridge history of Christianity. Vol. 2, Constantine to c. 600 [electronic resource], edited by Augustine Casiday and Frederick W. Norris
The Cambridge history of Christianity. Vol. 5, Eastern Christianity / [electronic resource], edited by Michael Angold
Atlas of medieval Europe, edited by David Ditchburn, Simon MacLean and Angus MacKay
Creeds & confessions of faith in the Christian tradition, edited by Jaroslav Pelikan and Valerie Hotchkiss
The Creed of Nicaea, (325)
The Creed of Constantinople (The 'Nicene Creed'), (381)
The Chalcedonian Definition, (451)
Nicaea I (325)
Constantinople I (381)
Ephesus (431)
Chalcedon (451)
Constantinople II (553)
Constantinople III (681)
Nicaea II (786)
Catacombs of Rome, c. 200
Wall paintings in Dura Europos, c. 240
Sarcophagus in Santa Maria Antiqua, Rome, c. 270
Mosaics in the mausoleum of Santa Costanza, Rome, c. 350
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, c. 359
Mosaics in Santa Pudenziana, Rome, c. 398
Mosaics in Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, c. 432
