Definition one:
"Local gazetteers (difangzhi or fangzhi for short), sometimes also called local histories ... they were often compiled by members of the
local elite and were produced under the sponsorship of the local officials. ... They form one of the most important sources for the study
of Chinese history in the past one thousand years, since they contain copious materials on local administration, local economies, local
cultures, local dialects, local officials, and local dignitaries - materials that often cannot be found elsewhere."
Chinese history: a manual (Revised and Enlarged) by Endymion Wilknson; Harvard University Press, 2000.
Definition two:
"Local gazetteers (地方志) embrace all types of information concerning the historical, geographical, economic, administrative, biographical, touristic, etc., aspects of a locality in China. Local gazetteers are usually subdivided into provincial gazetteers (通志), prefectural gazetteers (府志), and district gazetteers (县志). The provincial gazetteers were usually compiled by summarizing the information in the prefectural gazetteers which were, in turn, abridged from previous editions and form the individual district gazetteers”.
China bibliography: a research guide to reference works about China past and present by Harriet T. Zurndorfer. Brill, 1995.
Definition three:
方志即地方志，它是一种记述地方自然和社会等各个方面历史与现状的综合性著作。方志的主要特点是在内容上具有广泛性。。。。在古代，方志被称为“一方之全史”，在现代，方志被誉为“地方百科全书”。在记述范围上，方志具有地域性。方志记述的范围，一般都以一定的地理区域为限。。。。在编纂刊印上，方志具有连续性。一部方志在首次编成刊印后，间隔一段时间，一般都要进行续修。
《中文工具书基础》朱天俊; 北京图书馆出版社，1998.
Traditional local gazetteers
|
Chinese |
English |
|
前言和凡例 |
preface and general rules |
| 舆图, 图考 | maps |
| 疆域,沿革 | boundaries of the region and successive changes |
| 山川 |
topographical features |
| 古迹 | ancient monuments |
| 公署,城池 | official buildings and city walls |
| 河防, 水利, 河渠 |
water conservancy |
| 职官 |
officials |
| 选举 |
examinations |
| 户口 |
population |
| 田赋 |
land and taxes |
| 市镇 |
market towns |
| 物产 |
local products |
| 风俗 |
local customs |
| 人物, 列传 |
biographies |
| 艺文 |
literature works by local people |
| 杂记,杂事 |
miscellaneous |
New local gazetteers
| Chinese | English |
| 政区 | Boundary and administrative region |
| 自然环境 | Natural environment |
| 居民 | Resident |
| 农业 | Agriculture |
| 水利 | Water conservation |
| 工业 | Industry |
| 城乡建设 | Towns and villages |
| 交通 | Traffic |
| 邮电 | Post and telecommunication |
| 贸易 | Trade |
| 财政金融 | Finance |
| 经济管理 | Economics and management |
| 党派团体 | Parties, groups and organizations |
| 民政 | Civil administration |
| 劳动人事 | Labor and personnel |
| 政法 | Politics and law |
| 军事 | Military affairs |
| 科技 | Science and technology |
| 教育 | Education |
| 文化 | Culture |
| 体育 | Sports |
| 卫生 | Hygiene |
| 民俗 | Custom |
| 方言 | Dialect |
| 人物 | Figures |
| 大事记 | Events and chronology |
