CMS is the federal agency that provides health coverage to more than 100 million through Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Health Insurance Marketplace.
"Open Payments is a national transparency program that collects and publishes information about financial relationships between drug and medical device companies and certain health care providers ...".
"openFDA provides APIs and raw download access to a number of high-value, high priority and scalable structured datasets, including adverse events, drug product labeling, and recall enforcement reports."
NHGIS Vital Statistics: U.S. birth and death data in tabular format aggregated at the county and state levels for 1915-2007, and marriage & divorce data from 1867-2010. Scroll down to find all the Vital Statistics datasets.
NBER: Data Category = Vital Statistics: The NBER's Public Use Data Archive, datasets filtered for Data Category = Vital Statistics. Scanned volumes as well as digital datasets; some data back to 1900.
National Vital Statistics System Homepage: Information about collecting vital statistics data, with links to a lot of summary reports. From the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).
"The North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics is responsible for data collection, health-related research, production of reports and maintenance of a comprehensive collection of health statistics"