Book/Book chapter
Author, organization, or editor name. Book title. Edition. Publisher; Year.
or
Author name. Chapter title. In: Editor name, editor. Book title. Edition. Publisher; Year. Page(s).
Personal author(s)
Rathinamoorthy R, Balasaraswathi SR. Microfiber pollution. Springer Nature; 2022.
Organizational author(s)
National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine. Science, evolution, and creationism. National Academies Press; 2008.
Edited book
Karapanagioti H, Kalavrouziotis IK, editors. Microplastics in water and wastewater. IWA Publishing; 2019.
Online book
Crate SA, Nuttall M, editors. Anthropology and climate change: From actions to transformations. 2nd ed. Routledge; 2016. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315530338
Book chapter
Tunalı M, Yenigün O. Effects of microplastics on freshwater and marine microalgae. In: Karapanagioti H, Kalavrouziotis IK, editors. Microplastics in water and wastewater. IWA Publishing; 2019. p 170-181.
Technical report
Author name. Title of report. Sponsoring organization; Year. Report No.: DOI/URL
Written and published by the sponsoring organization
Page E, Harney JM. Health hazard evaluation report. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 2001. Report No.: HETA2000-0139-2824. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2000-0139-2824.pdf
Written by the performing organization and published by the sponsoring organization
Behrand D, Armstrong KL, Baver KD (NVI, Inc). International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry 2019+2020 biennial report. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US); 2021. Report No.: NASA/TP-20210021389. Contract No.: NNG1HS00C. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210021389
Written and published by the performing organization
Miller R, Murray J, Kennedy T. Goldstone radar measurements of the orbital debris environment: 2018. NASA Technical Reports Server (US); 2021. Report No.: NASA/TP20210015780. Contract No.: NASA 917091. Sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210015780
Most technical reports are published by governmental agencies, universities, or other research institutions. They are cited similarly to books but with major differences in authorship, sponsorship, and report/contract/grant numbers. It's important to identify the performing, sponsoring, and publishing organizations (sometimes it's the same for all three!).
Technical reports are published under the following three scenarios: