Green - also known as self-archiving – refers to making a work published with a publisher available to the public in an institutional or disciplinary open access repository. Self-archiving has no cost for the user or for the author. Articles shared in preprint repositories are not peer reviewed, while post-print manuscripts are the final version post-peer review. Both can be made OA in different repositories.
Gold - the first publication of scholarly works as articles in open access journals and open access monographs by established publishers. This type of OA is funded by article processing charges (APCs) that the author of a work pays to the publisher.
Diamond - OA publishing model that is free of charge for both readers and authors, generally funded by libraries or universities paying the publisher directly to support their operations. Diamond open access publishing often has a community-driven, non-commercial background aiming to increase equitable access to sharing and consuming knowledge.
(Adapted from the Open Access Network guide to gold, green, and diamond open access.)
Open access (OA) is the practice of providing unrestricted, online access to peer-reviewed scholarly research.
Historically, scholarly articles have been accessible only to those whose institutions could afford to subscribe to the journals in which the articles were published. The open access movement sought to change the publishing model to eliminate subscriptions and make scholarly works available to all. Some publishers now require a fee (an article processing charge or APC) to be paid by the author, but other models of open access exist, including self-archiving or repository "green" open access and "diamond" open access without subscriptions or author fees.
In 2010, the Duke University Academic Council adopted an open access policy that applies to all Duke faculty members and provides Duke a license to make scholarly works authored by Duke faculty freely available in DukeSpace, a repository administered and maintained by the Duke University Libraries. The preamble to the policy states:
"The Faculty of Duke University is committed to disseminating the fruits of its research and scholarship as widely as possible. In addition to the public benefit of such dissemination, the following policy is intended to serve faculty interests by promoting greater reach and impact for articles, simplifying authors’ retention of distribution rights, and aiding preservation."
Full text of the OA Policy is in Section 6.4 of the Faculty Research Policy Manual.
The Open Access Policy grants Duke a non-exclusive right to distribute articles submitted to DukeSpace and applies a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC license. This allows anyone to read and reproduce the publication, as long as they cite the original author and source and do not use it for commercial gain. Any commercial use still requires permission from the copyright holder.
DukeSpace is an online, open access repository for works authored by Duke faculty, staff, and students created to support the Faculty Policy on Open Access to Research. This guide describes the processes for depositing each category of work into DukeSpace. All submissions must be made by a Duke-affiliated author.
What type of works can you add to DukeSpace?
Some open access scholarly journals operate on a model of charging authors article processing fees upon acceptance. In order to reduce barriers to publishing in these journals, Duke Libraries has made selected agreements with publishers to waive or discount these fees for our authors.
See the full list of publisher agreements.
As the scholarly publishing ecosystem evolves, various open initiatives to share articles outside of "traditional" journals have developed. These can be tools to support scholarship, collaborative efforts to reform publishing, resources beyond periodicals and books, and more.
See details of our investments in OA publishing platforms and initiatives.
