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Biological Sciences

This guide highlights resources relevant to research in Biological Sciences

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Introduction to AI

Generative AI tools have been receiving a lot of attention lately because they can create content like text, images, and music. These tools employ machine learning algorithms that can produce unique and sometimes unexpected results. Generative AI has opened up exciting possibilities in different fields, such as language models like GPT and image generators.

However, students need to approach these tools with awareness and responsibility. Here are some key points to consider:

  1. Information Hallucinations and Summarization Accuracy: Generative AI tools are known to hallucinate citations and may not represent summaries of information with the accuracy that is required of many research tasks. There are some AI tools focused on drawing from trusted sources but be aware that it is up to you to understand the scope of what it's searching and verify any information you find.

  2. Novelty and Creativity: Generative AI tools can produce content that is both innovative and unexpected. They allow users to explore new ideas, generate unique artworks, and even compose original music. This novelty is one of their most exciting aspects. It also means that generative AI content is not reproducible. 

  3. Ethical Considerations: While generative AI offers creative potential, it also raises ethical questions. Students should be aware of potential biases, unintended consequences, and the impact of their generated content. Responsible use involves considering the broader implications.

  4. Academic Integrity: When using generative AI tools for academic purposes, students should consult their instructors. Policies regarding the use of AI-generated content may vary across departments and institutions. Always seek guidance to ensure compliance with academic integrity standards.

In summary, generative AI tools are powerful and fascinating, but students should approach them thoughtfully, seek guidance, and adhere to institutional policies. Please refer to the Duke Community Standard for questions related to ethical AI use.


Looking for a tool that isn't listed here? Let us know about it!

Copilot (powered by ChatGPT4)

Did you know that as Duke faculty, staff, and students, we have free access to ChatGPT4 via Microsoft Copilot?

Log in with your Duke credentials to start using it today.

What is it?

The OG of generative AI tools, ChatGPT-4 is the latest iteration of the popular chatbot, answering questions and generating text that sounds like it was written by a human. While not a replacement for conducting research, it can be helpful when it comes to brainstorming topics or research questions and also as a writing tool (rewriting or paraphrasing content, assessing tone, etc.).

Best suited for...

All users across all disciplines.

Considerations

  • ChatGPT-3.5 is the default version of free and paid-tier chat users.
  • Since it can't verify its sources, be wary of hallucinations (or made-up citations) that can look very real.
  • It is not 100% accurate! While ChatGPT-4 is touted as being 40% more accurate than its predecessor, users are still expected to verify the information generated by it.
  • There is always the potential for bias since ChatGPT was trained on a massive dataset of websites, articles, books, etc. (much of which is inherently biased since it was created by humans).

For ChatGPT-4 (access provided by Duke and requires login) » copilot.microsoft.com «

For ChatGPT-3.5 (free) » chat.openai.com «

Consensus

What is it?

Think of Consensus as ChatGPT for research! Consensus is "an AI-powered search engine designed to take in research questions, find relevant insights within research papers, and synthesize the results using the power of large language models" (Consensus.app).  Consensus runs its language model over its entire body of scientific literature (which is sourced from Semantic Scholar) and extracts the “key takeaway” from every paper.

Best suited for...

The social sciences and sciences (non-theoretical disciplines).

Considerations

  • Free and paid versions
  • Similar to Elicit, Consensus should not be used to ask questions about basic facts
  • Consensus recommends that you ask questions related to research that has already been conducted by scientists
  • Potential for biases in the input data from participants

» consensus.app «

Elicit

center

What is it?

Elicit is a tool that semi-automates time-intensive research processes, such as summarizing papers, extracting data, and synthesizing information. Elicit pulls academic literature from Semantic Scholar, an academic search engine that also uses machine learning to summarize information.

Best suited for...

Empirical research (i.g., the sciences, especially biomedicine).

Considerations

  • Both free and paid versions
  • Doesn't work well in identifying facts or in theoretical/non-empirical research (e.g., the humanities)
  • Potential biases in the natural language processing (NLP) algorithms
  • Summarized information and extracted data will still need to be critically analyzed and verified for accuracy by the user

» elicit.com «

Perplexity

What is it?

Dubbed the "AI-powered Swiss Army Knife for information discovery," Perplexity is used for answering questions (including basic facts, a function that many other AI tools are not adept at doing), exploring topics in depth utilizing Microsoft's Copilot, organizing your research into a library, and interacting with your data (including asking questions about your files).

Best suited for...

Perplexity has wide-reaching applications and could be useful across disciplines.

Considerations

  • Free and paid pro versions (the pro version utilizes Microsoft's Copilot AI tool)
  • Available in desktop, iOS, and Android apps
  • You can upload files in plain text, code, or PDF format and Perplexity will utilize the file contents to formulate answers 
  • Your personal information and data on how you use the tool are stored for analytical purposes (however, this feature can be turned off in settings)
  • Features a browser plug-in, Perplexity Companion, that is essentially a blend of Google and ChatGPT

» perplexity.ai «

Research Rabbit

What is it?

Research Rabbit is a literature mapping tool that takes one paper and performs backward- and forward citation searching in addition to recommending "similar work." It scans the Web for publicly available content to build its "database" of work.

Best suited for...

Disciplines whose literature is primarily published in academic journals.

Considerations

  • Free!
  • Integrates with Zotero
  • Works mostly with just journal articles
  • Potential for bias in citation searching/mapping

» researchrabbit.ai «